A Phantom-Node Method with Edge-Based Strain Smoothing for Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

1 Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2 Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus-University Weimar, Marienstraße 15, D-99423 Weimar, Germany 3Division of Computational Mechanics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam 4 School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia 5 School of Engineering, Institute of Mechanics and Advanced Materials, Theoretical and Computational Mechanics, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 3AA, UK 6Department of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5 Ga 1, An-Am Dong, Sung-Buk Gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea 7 Aerospace Systems Ohio Eminent Scholar, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0070, USA 8 School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 5 Ga 1, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea